DevOps Practices

Version control tracks changes as a commit graph; branching workflows like Gitflow and trunk-based development organise parallel work, and merge or rebase integrates branches, with pull requests gating changes through review.

CI/CD automates the path from commit to production: continuous integration builds and tests every change, and continuous delivery/deployment promotes the resulting artifact through environments, using strategies like canary and blue-green to release safely.

Docker packages an application and its dependencies into a portable image built from layered instructions; a running container is a writable layer over that image, isolated by kernel namespaces and cgroups while sharing the host kernel.

Infrastructure as code provisions and manages infrastructure through version-controlled definitions; declarative tools like Terraform converge the real environment to a desired state idempotently, tracking reality in a state file.

Monitoring and observability reveal system health through metrics, logs and traces; service level indicators and objectives quantify reliability targets, while alerting on user-facing symptoms and tracing across services speed diagnosis.