How does a three-phase induction motor work?

Rotating stator field induces current in rotor bars — rotor tries to catch the field but always runs slightly slower (slip). Workhorse motor in Indian industry.

Quick revision

Skim these first — then read the full notes below.

  • Slip s = (Ns − N)/Ns — typically 2–5% at load
  • Squirrel cage vs wound rotor — starting methods differ
  • Star-delta starter common in India for large motors
  • Torque-speed curve: starting, max, full-load points

Exams & GATE

  • 1
    GATE: slip calculations, rotor frequency, power flow across air gap.
  • 2
    Draw equivalent circuit for marks.

Interview prep

Maintenance interviews: "Why star-delta start?" — reduce starting current. "Cause of single phasing?" — fuse, contactor fault, thermal overload.

📖 Standard books (India)

  • Electrical MachinesNagrath & Kothari

    Read: Ch. 7–9

    Transformers, DC machines, and induction motors

Understand the concept

From pump houses to conveyor belts in Indian factories, induction motors dominate. Nagrath & Kothari (or Ashfaq Hussain for simpler first pass) is standard.
Stator (3φ) · Rotor bars
Fig — Squirrel-cage induction motor (Nagrath & Kothari)

Schematic diagram for study — aligned with standard B.Tech / GATE syllabus.

Three-phase induction motor. N_s = 120f/P rpm; slip s = (N_s − N)/N_s. Torque–slip curve is a GATE favourite.