What is bearing capacity of soil?

Bearing capacity is the maximum pressure a foundation can safely transfer to soil without shear failure or excessive settlement — Terzaghi and IS code methods used in India.

Quick revision

Skim these first — then read the full notes below.

  • Terzaghi: qu = cNc + γDNq + 0.5γBNγ (know strip footing form)
  • Safe bearing capacity = qu / FoS
  • SPT, plate load test used on Indian sites
  • Black cotton soil and liquefaction are regional exam topics

Exams & GATE

  • 1
    GATE CE geotech: Terzaghi numerical with shape/depth factors.
  • 2
    Draw failure wedge sketch for viva marks.

Interview prep

Construction interviews: "Foundation type for black cotton soil?" — mention under-reamed piles, raft, or soil replacement per site investigation.

📖 Standard books (India)

  • Soil Mechanics & FoundationsBC Punmia

    Read: Ch. 14–16

    Soil properties, bearing capacity, and foundations

Understand the concept

BC Punmia is widely used across Indian civil programmes for soil mechanics — bearing capacity links site investigation reports to foundation design.
Sandy siltClayDense sandFooting
Fig — Typical soil profile for bearing capacity

Schematic diagram for study — aligned with standard B.Tech / GATE syllabus.

Soil stratification. Foundation design uses layer-wise properties — γ, c, φ from bore log (BC Punmia).